HIDEOUS GNOSIS: Black Metal Theory Symposium 1 (blackmetaltheory.blogspot.com) [best quotes] – Edited by Nicola Masciandaro

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

This work is Open Access. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works Attribution 3.0 United States License.

Notice — For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/>.

Questions may be directed to: hideous.gnosis@gmail.com

Black metal, whose shriek of birth occurred in the 1980s and achieved full articulation in the early 1990s, represents a return to orthodoxy after an interlude of laxness. The enemy was not only to be found outside of the metal community, but also within.”

The lexicon of black metal is comprised, to an extent unmet by other forms of music, of references to the enduring, the abiding, and the transcendent: the arctic tundra, the unyielding night of the northern winter, virgin woods and wastelands, stone, mountains, the moon, and the stars.”

The heaviest metal found on Earth is uranium; enriched uranium is plutonium, a substance that conjures up the Lord of the Dead. Heavier elements occur only in space, where Pluto mournfully orbits the Sun at a distance of 3,666 million miles. Somewhere still farther off in the void floats the philosopher’s stone, black metal.”

The black metal that was born in Scandinavia in the mode of Fortification¹ can be termed Hyperborean Black Metal. Hyperborean Black Metal is lunar, atrophic, depraved, infinite and pure. The symbol of its birth is the Death of Dead. Its tone is Nihilism and its key technique is the Blast Beat.

[¹ Banda praticamente impossível de encontrar. Checar Eternal Fortification no M-A, porém!]

Today USBM stands in the shadow of Hyperborean Black Metal. The time has come for a decisive break with the European tradition and the establishment of a truly American black metal. And we should say ‘American’ rather than ‘US’: the US is a declining empire; America is an eternal ideal representing human dignity, hybridization and creative evolution.”

Hyperborean Black Metal is the culmination of the history of extreme metal (which is itself the culmination of the history of the Death of God). The subject of this history may be compared to a mountaineer, maneuvering over and across the various terrains of thrash, grindcore and death metal – or rather, carving these terrains into the mountainside – and striving to reach the Haptic Void, dimly understood but strongly felt, glimmering brightly at the summit.”

Transcendental Black Metal is in fact nihilism, however it is a double nihilism and a final nihilism, a once and for all negation of the entire series of negations. With this final ‘No’ we arrive [in] a sort of vertiginous Affirmation, an Affirmation that is white-knuckled, terrified, unsentimental, and courageous.”

The infinite is everywhere and cheap. It is the finite that is rare. It is the finite that is peculiar to humankind. Finitude means confronting what is present at hand authentically and doing what is honest with the means one has at one’s disposal. The solar nourishes the finite. The finite is born, strives, and dies.”

Transcendental black metal sacralizes the penultimate moment, the ‘almost‘ or the ‘not yet’, because it has been found that there is nothing after the penultimate moment. The penultimate moment is the final moment, and it takes place at every moment. The fabric of existence is open. There is nothing that is complete; there is nothing that is pure.”

Depravity is dissimulation; courage is authenticity. Courage has no image of itself. It is trailblazing. It has no path before it. Its only trace is the wake it leaves behind.”

After the dust settles, and the work of modernity and postmodernity is done, and the divisions between high culture, mass culture and counterculture have been obliterated, what is left? A single, shining Culture which is True, Good, and Beautiful.”

Teutoburg Forest

The primary level of decay conveyed in black metal concerns the predisposition toward matters of the human body’s decomposition. A recurring scenario involves the ritualistic debasement of the decomposing corpse at the hands of the living, in what can often be understood as a de-sanctifying ritual that rids the rotting corpse of its illusory spiritual wholeness.”

Second, it can certainly be said that black metal, in its varying and perpetually evolving states, employs a literal decomposition and decay of its own presence” “Beyond merely producing a record that sounds grimy, faraway, muddled, etc., these artists create a presence that is wholly separate from the music.”

It is only after disfigurement and debasement of the corpse take place that necrophilic urges can emerge, in which the corpse is wallowed in, raped, or sodomized in a ritual of great satisfaction, as in Decay’s song, Copulation With the Gutted Corpse

a great deal of anti-Christian black metal maintains a knowledge of such objects that are lost to the now predominant rabble of evangelical Christians, whose masses often take place in fluorescent-lit recreation centers and whose priests often wear sweatsuits.”

(*) “For a beautiful simultaneous satire/homage of the life of the suburban black metaller, see the gorgeous black metal montage of Harmony Korine’s 1999 film Gummo.”

If we were to define a degree zero of Black Metal politics then it would be an unstable amalgam of Stirnerite egoism and Nietzschean aristocratism: a radical anti-humanist individualism implacably hostile to all the ideological ‘spooks’ of the present social order, committed to creating an ‘aristocracy of the future’, and auto-engendering a ‘creative nothing’.” “Of course these are often ‘spooks’ associated with the extreme right, Nazism, fascism, and ultra-nationalism. Whereas Stirnerite individualism might be regarded as anarchist, or at best indifferent to politics, this racial-national metaphysics is often, although not always of course, deployed to re-territorialise and establish a ‘grand politics’.” “the critic from the left can safely handle and enjoy Black Metal and proclaim their sophistication by condescending to the naiveté of such adolescent political posturing which ‘unfortunately’ marks an otherwise admirably radical aesthetic.”

It should be noted that a Gramscian politics of hegemony has been invoked by the far right, in particular in France by Alain de Benoist, ideologue of the ‘new right’. His culturalist racism and anti-Americanism bear many similarities to the views of Sale Famine, however Famine’s elitism and anti-popular stance incarnate a peculiarly constrained vision of hegemony – one occult and elitist.”

(*) “Famine states that the next Peste Noire album will be ‘pure reggae’ (Travis Interview), inhabiting his usual mode of deliberate provocation, but also implying his own ability to define a true Black Metal, in quasi-Duchampian mode, as whatever he nominates.”

Carl Schmitt, Theory of the Partisan, 1963.

The apocalypse leads to the post-apocalypse. Contrary to this, Armageddon is the site of the terminal end.”

What does this have to do with black metal, or with Mayhem’s demo title as a founding gesture?”

Hence the absence of the usual dialectical suspects: not void, not synthesis, not the not-not of the negation of the negation.”

It is the war fought between two totalities, between black metal’s endless antagonism and liberal capitalism’s eternal present.”

it predicts and describes a final battle, yet it grasps that final battle as one which has been there all along.”

Therein the desperation of black metal vocals: it’s just the howl of the thought that this is at once the worst of all possible worlds and the only possible world.” “In this way, despite its moronic and frequent attempts to be Fascist and despite the fact that we should wage total war against all such attempts, it never can be.” “all non-Nazi black metal is still NSNSBM (not so National Socialist black metal).” “Black metal dreams a sovereign, and, in the next breath, severs his head to spatter the blood across all. What remains are the headless horsemen of the apocalypse, the acephalic leaders of a chiefless crowd marching off to permanent war.”

the act of becoming headless opens the way for the second gesture, that of the cephalophore,¹ the head-bearer, the one defined not by the condition of being without head but by the act of picking the head back up.”

¹ Botânica: que tem flor em forma de cabeça.

Black metal makes appear as decision what is in truth a general state of affairs, not just of its imagined post-apocalypse but of the systemic chaos and non-direction of the contemporary world. Hence the performative theatricality: the head already removed, the axe’s swing is a magician’s trick, tracing the negative space there all along between the body and the head.”

But despite its recurrent anti-intellectualism and penchant for uncritical reenactment of stale dark vitalist tropes, black metal is smarter than it thinks. Appropriately for its Satanic grounding, it shares much with the integral atheism of de Sade: to take on abstraction and the generic, you have to do so on its own terms.”

I like some bands from the U.S. but never would have conceived of hording them altogether under some catchy, marketable little moniker like USBM. It implies a sense of unity, which I cannot see manifesting in the States on any comprehensible scale.”

He Who Crushes Teeth, Bone Awl: I think the first band to make a uniquely American statement in Black Metal was Grand Belial’s Key. They use the same method as the Europeans in not just bending Death Metal a little bit but really making that leap, playing music that is rooted in the history of the country. Even though their music falls nicely into Black Metal as category, when I listen to Mocking the Philanthropist I hear American folk music, I hear the racial tension of the south, I hear hot American climates and landscapes. I hear the civil war. They did a fitting job including the surrounding culture into the sound, which most American bands completely fail to do.”

Blaash, Bahimron: (…) We become soulless to a point – a hollow meandering consumer

who thinks they are xtian until theyre rapin’ their daughter one day . . . School shootings, mass murder, serial killers, suicide – all of the ‘real subjects’ – not Viking heritage or killing the ‘Christians’ in lyrics”

Jordan, Wrath Of The Weak: In some respects, it seems like USBM has taken the destructive side of black metal and turned it against itself, so instead of church burnings and murders it manifests itself in the hatred and self-loathing that’s present in a lot of the acts which get labeled as suicidal/depressive/etc. I suppose you could take that as a reaction of sorts against our current habit of ignoring and/or medicating away any mood that isn’t neutral or somewhat positive.”

Andee, Aquarius Records/tUMULt: Most black metal musicians did not grow up listening to black metal. Many might not have listened to metal at all. And you can hear that in the music: Elements of doom, psych, stoner rock, post rock. Black metal guys who are my age, which is a lot of them, were into Slint¹ way before they were into black metal, and were listening to Drive Like Jehu¹ and Unwound¹ before they had ever heard Mayhem or Immortal. That stuff informs everything they do. Even when they’re playing some part that is total Darkthrone worship, often those years of listening to other music seeps in and turns it into something new.”

¹ Math rock/indie/emo precursores norte-americanos.

Blaash, Bahimiron: USBM incorporates more ‘brutality’, I think, then some European acts—ignoring the obvious stalwart murderers like Immortal, Marduk, or after them Dark Funeral…”

Imperial, Krieg: What I do see as something typically American (to which much outside of the US and unfortunately only a small portion within the country would agree) is the pseudo idea of American superiority to outside art, culture and music. This is why you see so many bands doing the paint by numbers sort of thing, regurgitating what’s already been done yet thinking it’s their own. As Americans we have a strong artistic and literary heritage, especially post WW2 from the Beat movement, Warhol’s idea of Popism, La Monte Young‘s musical experiences,¹ etc. but we don’t draw on it, we just keep pushing out McBlackmetal.”

¹ Artista nascido em 1935 citado como ‘minimalista’, ‘vanguardista’ e mesmo drone!

I don’t see our music as aggressive; I see it as a contemplation of your own heartbeat. The heart never stops; it never stops until you’re dead. It is never not drenched in blood. It is the most violent rhythm you can think of. When a body becomes so big it needs a heart, this is when music becomes real.”

Josh, Velvet Cacoon: (…) The east coast stuff was really incoherent and unconvincing, it offered nothing and went nowhere. There was no direction and it seemed like they were playing black metal because it was the alternative to being just a fan. Have you ever heard Kult ov Azazel¹ or any of those types of east coast groups? Everything from the music to the lyrics, song titles and artwork screams ‘generic’. I don’t know how these guys get out of bed each morning.”

¹ Extrato da last.fm

He Who Crushes Teeth, Bone Awl: Anything good in American black metal is happening on the West Coast…. There is more culture in California. More global influence. More computers. Less McDonald’s. More Starbucks. More Mexicans. More People. More numbers. Less women. More gay people. More cars. More traffic. More violence. More romance. More life in general. An abundance of living things.”

UMESH, Brown Jenkins:¹ All it would take would be half a dozen ambitious writers in America and the U.S. black metal scene would have its own sordid narrative to struggle with. These are creations of the press, of course. If you think about it, the heart of the Norwegian narrative, for example, is a story with a black hole at the middle of it—no one really knows what happened the night Euronymous was murdered except Varg Vikernes. The other person involved is dead. Varg has told different stories about what happened over the years—does he even really remember? So even at the very center of an attempt to apply meaning and a grand, overarching story to the history of the Norwegian black metal scene, there is a wall beyond which no one can penetrate. It’s meaningless. People can make whatever they want of it.”

¹ Parece interessante: doom metalgaze!

In A Thousand Plateaus Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari introduce the concept of ‘becoming-animal’ which refers to the subject’s movement from a stable position, from identity to a nomadic, anarchic existence. (…) Other Black Metal musicians have adopted new names to describe their becomings-wolf. Burzum’s Kristian Vikernes has changed his name into Varg which means wolf. Darkthrone’s Leif Nagell is known as Fenriz. Fenrir or Fenris is the name of the Nordic monstrous wolf, the son of the god Loki and Angerboda. Ulver is the name of a BM band from Norway whose lyrical themes are those of lycanthropy and fairy tales among others. Ulv means wolf in Norwegian and ulver is the plural form of the word.”

A living incarnation of Satan has taken the place of a dead God. But the original father needs to be brought back and recomposed repeatedly for the transgressive act to have meaning. Logos demands to be there first, in order that Chaos may later renounce it, for the wolf to commit its prohibited crimes. Without a paternal figure transgression becomes a fruitless act, an empty simulation of repetition. And this is where black metal’s contradictions take place. The thirst for annihilation, the violent transgression of limits, the disruption and the illicit crossing of boundaries are only manifested and secured with the presence of the phallus. The Christian father haunts black metal, the way King Hamlet’s ghost haunts Denmark.”

The annihilation of melody and the repetition of raw sounds of the same fast tempo reflect the condition of modernity’s mechanical reproductive experience, the simulation of simulations, the emptiness of the sign, the disenfranchised being’s uniform activities.”

In Kadenzza’s¹ album The Second Renaissance (2005) songs based on the story of little red riding hood manifest the wolf’s masculine authority over the maternal and feminine. In the Woods red riding hood creeps through a hole in the door only to find the wolf offering her the flesh of her dead mother as food. It seems that both the wolf and red riding hood have transgressed into the mother’s house, the womb in the forest. In The Wolfoid the wolf incarnated as man unleashes his violent instincts through aggressive vocals and fast, repetitive, symphonic parts that deliver his nightmarish visions of devouring the mother and red riding hood. It is the ‘sinful nectar’ dripping from red riding hood’s ‘nasty lips’ that arouses the beast. Unable to make any choices red riding hood will have to drink the blood and eat the flesh of her mother, until finally the wolf will consume her body. Here Kadenzza play with the oral tradition of this fairy tale before Perault’s version which included the cannibalistic act of eating the grandmother and presented red riding hood as a slut who would eat the flesh and drink the blood of her grandmother. Wolves are the evil seducers whose ferocious instincts drive them in the consummation of their female victims.”

¹ “You Oshima

~ all vocals ( harsh vocal, natural vocal, voice )

~ all guitars ( electric and accoustic )

~ synthesizers ( …and theremin )

~ programming

~ sampling”

Satanic Corpse, banda feminina.

If wolves howl, then red riding hoods can scream non-linguistic forms attacking the symbolic order.”

From Keat’s ‘Ode on Melancholy’ to the ecstasies of metallic desiring machines, Melencolia Estatica, the project of the mysterious Climaxia, gives free rein to both aggression and romantic intensity. The sexual difference that these female black metal bands try to incorporate into black metal’s structures, a rewriting of female desire into the codes of music is a challenging creative power that destroys the ‘silence’ assigned to them by the phallus.”

Astarte

If female black metal bands manipulate the qualities that patriarchy has endowed them with through the use of sexuality in their performances, the language of nihilism or the repetition of black metal’s masculine discourses, then the perpetuation of the similar will persist and their presence will forever be silenced. Black metal is a strange place to be.”

“‘Freezing’ atmospheres of, say, Judas Iscariot or Old Wainds easily give way to the ‘blazing’, ‘burning’, hell-fire clamor of bands like the German Katharsis, 1349, or Averse Sefira without any drastic alteration of formal principles, and the force that mediates between these thermal intensities is a sort of conductive violence, a constant and potent accident of atmosphere that has the quality of a heat-transference which works upon something and draws it toward a limit, one of either over-excitation or exhaustion.”

METIMANENTE

i(ll)mmanent metal

m(l) a e t

the writings of Madame Blavatsky and Rudolph Steiner are exemplary in their trans-cultural and trans-historical breadth. In books such as Isis Unveiled (1877) or The Secret Doctrine (1888), Blavatsky covers everything from archaic mystery cults to modern paranormal research, giving one the sort of global perspective found in anthropology classics such as James Frazer’s The Golden Bough (1890).”

We could be even more specific and refer to this perspective not just as cosmic, but as a form of ‘Cosmic Pessimism’. The view of Cosmic Pessimism is a strange mysticism of the world-without-us, a hermeticism of the abyss, a noumenal occultism. It is the difficult thought of the world as absolutely unhuman, and indifferent to the hopes, desires, and struggles of human individuals and groups. Its limit-thought is the idea of absolute nothingness, unconsciously represented in the many popular media images of nuclear war, natural disasters, global pandemics, and the cataclysmic effects of climate change.” Ao contrário! É justamente o oposto! Metal demasiado humano, apenas humano.

Cosmic Pessimism has a genealogy that is more philosophical than theological. Its greatest – and most curmudgeonly [rabugentamente] – proponent was Arthur Schopenhauer, the misanthrope who rallied as much against philosophy itself as he did against doctrinal religion and the nationalist politics of his time.”

NOUSTALGIA

A vontade à vontade a-vontade.

To find an equal to Schopenhauer, one would have to look not to philosophy but to writers of supernatural horror such as H.P. Lovecraft, whose stories evoke a sense of what he termed ‘cosmic outsideness’ – the black tentacular voids that surround us and that stretch into the furthest ‘black seas of infinity.’” Não é à toa que eu gosto mais de Poe que de Lovecraft.

One could even suggest that some of the formal experiments in black metal, from the minimalism of Sunn O)))’s Grimmrobe Demos to the wall-of-noise in Wold’s Stratification might offer musical equivalents of the Cosmic Pessimism meaning of the word black.”

The most striking example of Cosmic Pessimism comes from outside of the metal genre altogether. It is by the Japanese multi-instrumentalist, poet, and mystic Keiji Haino. Haino’s album So, Black is Myself takes the subtractive minimalism of Sunn O))) further, while borrowing techniques from everything from Butoh to Troubadour singing. Clocking in at just under 70 minutes, So, Black is Myself uses only a tone generator and voice. Its sole lyric is the title of the piece itself: ‘Wisdom that will bless I, who live in the spiral joy born at the utter end of a black prayer.’ The piece is brooding, rumbling, deeply sonorous, and meditative. Sometimes the tone generator and Haino’s voice merge into one, while at other times they diverge. Haino’s voice itself spans the tonal spectrum, from nearly subharmonic chant to an uncanny falsetto perhaps produced only by starving banshees.”

To the role of medicine in Weyer, and the role of law in Bodin, we have the role of skepticism in Scot. While Weyer and Bodin are on opposite sides of the fence politically, theologically they both remain committed to the existence of supernatural forces and the conflict paradigm of good vs. evil. Scot, who had the advantage of relative financial independence, was neither beholden to the Church nor to science in his opinions – though the Discoverie of Witchcraft was printed at his own expense, was unregistered, and did not contain the publisher’s name. Most likely spurred on by a series of controversial witch trails in England in the early 1580s, Scot’s treatise is much more sarcastic, even humorous, in its criticisms.”

Science fiction works such as Fritz Leiber’s Gather, Darkness! and James Blish’s Faust Aleph-Null, written in the shadow of world war and mass extinction, suggest a ominous affinity between technology and the supernatural. In Leiber’s novel a futuristic Papacy utilizes a whole panoply of special-effects technologies to both ensure the fidelity of the masses to the hegemony of the Church. Against them a demonic underworld of witches, warlocks, and familiars carry out their revolutionary cause. By contrast, Blish’s novel suggests that with weapons of mass destruction, a renewed Faustian pact has been made, with quantum physics as a form of necromancy.”

see Abgott’s recent foray into mafia politics with Godfather in Black and God Dethroned’s WW1 story of Paschendale.”

DIE WEISSE ROSE – Inge Scholl

28 de dezembro de 2017 a 25 de janeiro de 2018.

Die kleine Stadt im Kochertal, in der wir unsere Kindertage verlebten, war wie von der Welt vergessen.“

<Jetzt ist Hitler an die Regierung gekommen.> Un das Radio und alle Zeitungen sagten: <Nun wird alles besser werden in Detschland.>

So war es kein Wunder, dass wir alle Hans und Sophie und wir anderen in die Hitlerjugend eintraten. Wir waren mit Leib und Seele dabei und konnten nicht verstehen, dass unser Vater nicht glücklich und stolz ja dazu sagte. Im Gegenteil, er war sehr unwillig darüber, und oft sagte er:

<Glaub ihnen nicht!> Und manchmal verglich er Hitler mit dem Rattenfänger von Hameln(*) der die Kinder mit seinen Flötenmusik ins Unglück hineinzog. Aber Vaters Worte halfen nichts und er komte uns nich zurückhalten. Unsere Begeisterung war zu gross.

(*) Deutsche Sagenfigur. Ein Mann, der 1284 die Stadt Hameln von Ratten befreit. Mit seinen Flöte lockte er die Ratten in den Fluss. Weil er aber von den Bürgern den Lohn für seine Arbeit nicht lukam, entführte er ihre Kinder, du für immer verschwanden.“

<Alles ist so schön – nur die Sache mit den Juden, die will mir nicjt hinunter.>

Hans war Fähnleinführer geworden. Er hatte viele schöne Lieder gesammelt, und seinen Jungen hörten es gerne, wenn er zur Gitarre sang.

Es waren nicht nur die Lieder von der Hitlerjugend, sondern auch Volkslieder aus vielen anderen Ländern. Wie wunderbar klang doch solch ein russisches oder norwegisches Lied in seiner dunklen Schönheit.“

Aber nach einiger Zeit ging eine merkwürdige Veränderung in Hans vor: Er war nicht mehr der alte.“

<Dier Lieder sind verboten>, hatten die höheren Führer gesagt. Und als er darüber lachte, hatten ihm mit Strafen gedroht.“

als er zurückkam, glaubten wir unseren. Augen nicht. Er sah müde aus, und in seinem Gesicht lag eine grosse Enttäuschung.”

Auch ein neuen Befehl beunruhigte ihm. Einer der Führer hatte ihm das Buch seines Liblingsdichters aus der Hand genommen, Stefan Zweigs Sternstunden der Menschheit. Es war nicht erlaubt, das Buch zu lesen.

Warum? Daraub gab es keine Antwort. Ein anderer deutscher Schriftsteller, der ihm sehr gefiel, musste aus Deutschland fliehen. Er hatte sich für den Gedanken des Friedens eingesetzt.“

Flugblätter der Weissen Rose . . . . wenn jeder wartet, bis der andere anfängt . . . . jeder Einzelne muss dagegen kämpfen, so viel er kann . . . . Widerstand, bevor es zu spät ist . . . . Das Weiterhaufen von dieser Kriegsmaschine muss aufhören , bevor auch die letzten Städte kaputt sind, bevor die letzte Jugend verblutet ist . . . .“

drohender Stimme aufforderte (…) Da konnte er nicht länger still daneben stehen. Und er trat aus der Reihe heraus und schlug dem Führer ins Gesicht. Von da an war Hans nicht mehr Fähnleinführer.“

Wir hörten eine Geschichte von einem jungen Lehrer, der ganz plötzlich verschwunden war“

Allein schafft man so etwas nicht.“

Mein Gott! Wie da der Zweifel erst zu tiefer Trauer wurde und dann zu einem heftigen Protest. In uns begann eine reine Welt zu zerbrechen, Stück um Stück.”

<Weiss denn der Führer etwas von den Konzentrationslagern?>, fragten wir den Vater.

<Sollte er es nicht wissen, da sie nun schon viele Jahre existieren und seine Freunde sie eingerichtet haben?>, antwortete der Vater.“

<Aber Hitler hat ja sein Versprechen, die Arbeitslosigkeit abzuschaffen, gehalten!>

<Ja, aber fragt nicht wie! Die Kriegsindustrie hat er in Gang gesetzt, Kasernen werden gebaut. Wisst ihr, wo das endet?>“

Hans wollte Arzt werden. Als der Krieg ausbrach, studierte er bereits in München. (…) Zurück zur Studentenkompagnie in München, konnte er weiterstudieren. Aber es war ein höchst merkwürdiges Studentenleben, halb Soldat, halb Student. Einmal in der Kaserne, dann wieder in der Universität oder in der Klinik. (…) Hans litt an diesem Leben. Es war schwer für ihn, dass er in einem Staat leben musste, wo Unfreiheit und Lüge das Normale waren.

Er wusste sehr gut, dass er nur einer von Millionen anderer in Deutschland war, die so dachten. (…) wenn jemand ein freies, offenes Wort riskierte. Er wurde kalt und herzlos ins Gefängnis geworfen. Niemand war davor sicher, wegen einer Bemerkung vielleicht für immer zu verschwinden.“

Lange genug hatte Sophie auf diesen Tag warten müssen. Eine schwere Geduldsprobe war das schon gewesen.“

Sollte er dieses schwere Leben in Deutschland nicht hinter sich werfen und in ein freies Land, in die Schweiz, fliehen? Es war für ihn, den Sportsmann, kein Problem, illegal über die Grenze zu kommen.

Was aber würde dann mit seinen Freunden, mit seiner Familie geschehen? Der Verdacht fiel dann auf sie. Sollte er von der freien Schweiz aus zusehen, wie sie vor das Gericht und in die Konzentrationslager gezwungen wurden? Niemals konnte er das aushalten. Er musste hierbleiben. Er konnte nicht hundert Menschenleben aufs Spiel setzen. Er allein musste die Verantwortung tragen.“

In der folgenden Zeit kamen drei weitere Blätter der Weissen Rose.“

Unsere Aufgabe wird es sein die Warheit so deutlich und hörbar als möglich hinauszurufen in die deutsche Nacht. Wir müssen versuchen den Widerstand zu wecken.“

An einem sonnigen Donnerstag, es war das 18. Februar 1943, war die Arbeit so weit, dass Hans und Sophie noch einen Koffer mit Flugblättern füllen konnten. Sie waren beide vergnügt, als sie sich mit dem Koffer auf den Weg zur Universität machten.

Sophie hatte in der Nacht einen Traum gehabt, den sie nicht aus sich verjagen konnte: Die Gestapo war gekommen und hatte sie beide verhaftet.

Kaum hatten die Geschwister die Wohnung verlassen, klingelte ein Freund an ihrer Tür. Er sollte ihnen eine dringende Warnung bringen. Da er aber nicht wusste, wohin die beiden gegangen waren, wartete er.

In der Zwischenzeit waren die beiden in der Universität angekommen. Und da in wenigen Minuten die Hörsäle sich öffnen sollten, legten sie schnell die Flugblätter in den Gängen aus.

Den Rest des Koffers leerten sie von der obersten Etage in die Eingangshalle der Universität hinab.

Erleichtert wollten sie de Universität verlassen. Aber der Hausmeister hatte sie gesehen. Seine Augen waren zu automatischen Linsen der Diktatur geworden. Alle Türen in der Universität wurden sofort geschlossen. Damit stand das Schicksal der beiden fest.

Die alarmierte Gestapo brachte die Geschwister in ihr Gefängnis. Und nun begannen die Verhöre. Tage und Nacht, Stunden um Stunden.“

Eine Mitgefangene erzählte Sophie, dass Christl Probst einige Stunden nach ihnen verhaftet wurde. Zum ersten Mal kam eine wilde Verzweiflung über Sophie.

Christl, gerade Christl, der nur im Hintergrund gearbeitet hatte, weil er Vater von drei kleinen Kindern war. Und Herta, seine Frau, hatte gerade in diesen Tagen ihr jüngstes Kind geboren.“

Alle, die im Gefängnis mit ihnen in Kontakt kamen, die Mitgefangenen, die Wärter, waren von ihrer Tapferkeit und ihrer Haltung beeindruckt. Ihre Ruhe stand in merkwürdugen Kontrast zu der Aufregung bei der Gestapo.

Die Aktionen der Weissen Rose hatten bis in die höchsten Stellen von Partei und Regierung hinein grosse Unruhe hervorgerufen. Wie ein Vorfrühlingswind lief die Nachricht von ihrer Verhaftung durch die Gefängnisse und Konzentrationslager.

Wenige Wochen vorher hatte Hans über die vielen Todesurteile erklärt:

<Dieses darf uns nicht geschehen. Wir müssen leben, um da zu sein, weil man uns braucht. Gefängnis und KZ – das kann man überstehen. Aber nicht das Leben riskieren.>

Es kamen schwere Stunden. Konnten sie bei den Verhören die richtigen Antworten geben, damit kein Name gesagt wurde? Sie sorgten sich um die Freunde.”

Der Vater im Gefängnis und die Brüder und Freunde alle an der Front in Russland, so fern!“

Aber nur über meine Leiche“

* * *

FRAGEN ALS STUDENTEN

Was bedeutete die Hitlerjugend für Hans und Sophie?

Ein Platz wo man hat Freiheit und Kreativität. Deutschland hatte ein grosses Schicksal…

Was sagte ihr Vater über Hitler?

(Antwortet sofort.)

Welche Erlebnisse machten grossen Eindruck auf Hans und Sophie?

Zu viele!

Beschreibe wie Hans und seine Freunde in München erlebt.

Sie geschrieben Gegenhitlerflugblätter und zu viele studiert.

Was erlebte Hans als er in Russland war?

Die Kriegs Ende.

Wie wurden die Flugblätter hergestellter?

Narch der Universität.

Warum wollte Hans nicht in ein sicheres Land flüchten?

Weil er liebte seine Heimat und die Warheit.

Beschreibe, wie man Hans & Sophie auf die Spur kam.

Mit Ruhe vor der Polizei, Tapferkeit und ein fest Charakter.

Wie wurden Hans, Sophie und Christl im Gefängnis behandelt?

Die Gestapo hat ihren Aktivitäten entdecken.

SPRACHÜBUNGEN:

Aufmerksamkeit: atenção, foco

Augenblick: átimo

Balalaika: violão

beben: estremecer

Befehl: ordem

Bewegung: movimento

Bruch: violação, ruptura

daheim: wie nach Haus

dringend: urgente

Eindruck: impacto

erleben: fantasiar

Erlebnis: experiência

erleichtert: aliviado

Fahne: bandeira

Flugblätter: panfleto

Geduldsprobe: teste de paciência

Gefängnis: cadeia

Gerechtigkeit: justiça

geschehen: acontecer

Grenz: fronteira

Haltung: atitude

heftig: virulento

Koffer: mala

leeren: esvaziar

Leiche: cadáver

Linse: lente

Mitteilung: mensagem, notícia = NACHRICHT

plötzlich: de repente

Reichsarbeitsdienst: cargo burocrático

Reihe: fila

schlagen: golpear

Schmutz: sujeira

Spur: pegada, indício

Sternstunden: auge

Tapferkeit: valentia

tragten: trair

Trauer: luto

Treue: lealdade

Tuch: toalha

Urteile: sentença

Veränderung: mudança

Verdacht: suspeita

vergnügt: contente

verhaften (sich v.): ser preso

Verhöre: interrogatório

verjagen: afugentar

verschwunden: desaparecido

Versprechen: promessa

verteilen: distribuir

Vervielfältigungsapparat: copiadora

Verzweiflung: desespero

vogelfrei: proscrito

Ziel: destino final (geográfico)

& & &

verboten: não botem fé!

Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Extreme RightWing Ideologies in Australian Black Metal – Benjamin Philip Hillier & Ash Barnes

This paper will focus on two case studies that examine the bands Spear of Longinus and Deströyer 666. Using paratextual analysis and readings of their song lyrics and interviews, we capture and understand what ideologies are held by these artists and how these are communicated to and received by fans. This analysis specifically explores how these ideologies are expressed through music, coded language and symbols, and the personae of black metal performers. Often, this coded language takes a form colloquially referred to as ‘dog-whistling’ which refers to speaking in a way that a target audience understands your meaning while others remain unaware of the implications of your speech and symbols (Haney-Lopez 2015). Later sections of the paper will consider the interaction between ideology and genre, using a range of frameworks such as Kahn-Harris’ reflexive antireflexivity (2007) and Lesourd’s black metal as Gesamtkunstwerk (2013). These frameworks allow us to examine how such ideologies operate within their respective scenes and how the social infrastructure of the Australian black metal scene produces and sustains those who hold far right-wing political views. We will conclude by demonstrating the connection between the musical and the social through an examination of how these performers’ views are deployed by their fans, reinforcing the link between alt-right political ideology and musical expression.”

Whilst some sociologists have taken deep personal risks to interview neo-Nazis by infiltration (Hamm 1993; Hamm and Spaaij 2017), we follow the tradition of others such as Potter (2005), Cotter (1999) and Brown (2004), who focus on the lyrical and historical relevance of neo-Nazi and fascist music. However, where relevant, our reading of texts and paratexts is further supplemented by interviews with members of the Australian metal scene as identified by the authors and the authors’ own observations attending gigs and participating in metal and other alternative music scenes around Australia.”

Most notable is the subgenre National Socialist Black Metal (hereafter NSBM), which typically connotes bands who explicitly advocate for fascist politics in their music (Olsen 2011). For example, the split CD release Unsere Krieg (‘Our War’) (Acclaim Records/Ancient Legacy Productions, 2008) between the bands 88, Iron Youth 88 and Moloch features two uses of 88, with 88 being a veiled reference to ‘Heil Hitler’ (the logic behind this is that the eighth letter of the alphabet is H, therefore 88 = HH = Heil Hitler). The band 88 stylizes their name with runes that resemble the flag of the Nazi Schutzstaffel (or SS), demonstrating how explicit NSBM bands are with their affiliations with neo-Nazi movements.”

Olsen (2011) notes that whilst NSBM bands hold racist ideologies, they are not marginal but highly influential in global black metal scenes. Nazi symbolism is appropriated for a hyper-transgression, defining and redefining the boundaries of transgression within black metal.”

While there are examples of proto-metal bands in Australia, such as Buffalo in the 1970s, the first true metal scene did not emerge until the 1980s, based in Melbourne (Calpakdijan 2014, Hillier 2019a). This scene gravitated around the Metal for Melbourne record store and consisted of classic heavy metal bands such as Taipan, S.A.S, and Ion Drive, who were heavily influenced by the New Wave of British Heavy Metal (hereafter NWOBHM).”

Extreme metal developed later in the 1980s, beginning with thrash metal bands such as Renegade, Mortal Sin, and Hobbs’ Angel of Death. Similarly, Armoured Angel are frequently credited as the pioneers of Australian death metal, whilst Slaughter Lord are heavily reminiscent of the first wave black metal in the vein of Swedish band Bathory (Calpakdijan 2014; Giffin 2015).”

While there are musical, ideological, and personal links between these Australian bands and international metal scenes that have similar ideological frameworks, this article will only consider how these views manifest in Australian bands and how their manifestation affects the wider Australian metal scene.”

Hoad (2016) extends Phillipov’s points regarding race in Australian metal, looking at how whiteness is constructed in Australian metal scenes. Australian metal is characterized as ‘banal nationalism’ that fetishizes ‘white sameness’ and enables the exclusion of ‘Otherness’ from (Australian) extreme metal.”

An example of this is the expression of larrikinism within Australian surf culture, which is then embodied through metal, metalcore and hardcore bands such as Parkway Drive, who personify the ‘ideal’ image of the Australian male (Whiting, Klimentou and Rogers 2019).”

The emphasis on larrikinism is especially problematic for bands that advocate extreme-right and fascist views in their music because this gives band members a means of deniability where they can argue that their music is not completely serious.”

Many of these bands do not participate in mainstream music scenes or conventional underground metal scenes in their local area, creating a sub-underground scene, which runs parallel to local metal scenes. Our observations of the Tasmanian metal scene demonstrate that it is rare to see NSBM bands perform at mainstream community venues, due to genre crossovers with punk and metal (Hickam and Wallach 2011; Piper 2013; Kennedy 2018).”

For example, one especially puzzling example of coded language in the Australian extreme metal scene is the insistence by some Australian NSBM groups on referring to Tasmania as ‘Van Diemen’s Land’, the name used for the state from 1825-1856 (Rattenkönig 2019). The reason for this is not presently clear, though it seems to be a deliberate attempt to ground these groups’ sense of place explicitly within Australia’s colonial past. Due to the insular nature of neo-Nazi and fascist groups, band members perform in several bands at once and perform together frequently or on neo-fascist music labels (Southern Poverty Law Center 2020). Larger festivals or performances, such as the annual Recrucify the Bastard festival held in Launceston, Tasmania, are comparatively rare.”

The first case study is based around the band Spear of Longinus, who make extensive and explicit references to Nazism throughout their body of work, and are perhaps the most overt example of fascist and Nazi sentiment within the Australian metal scene”

The cover of Spear of Longinus’ demo Nazi Occult Metal (1995) invokes several common NSBM tropes (beyond the title). The album cover recalls various NSBM aesthetics, using poorly drawn figures and a colour scheme dominated by black and red. Norse runes are appropriated to spell both the bands’ initials on the horizontal sides of the tape (here as S.O.L) and the title ‘Nazi Occult Metal’ on the vertical sides, a common reference in NSBM circles to Aryan heritage and appropriated Norse and neo-pagan religious practices (Olsen 2011).” “the vocals are remarkably clear by black and war metal standards such that the lyrics are fairly easily understood.” “Given the heavily ideological content of the lyrics, this seems a deliberate choice to make the lyrics more intelligible than other examples within their subgenre, allowing the ideological content to be absorbed by the listener more easily.”

Following from this are Spear of Longinus’ albums The Yoga of National Socialism (hereafter TYONS) and …And the Swastikalotus. These albums make further references to various national socialist ideas in their titles and in their album artwork, demonstrating the ongoing pattern of infusing their political ideologies within their music”

Beyond aesthetics, the lyrics of TYONS (Vinland Winds, 2002) introduce elements of Hinduism and Buddhism. This album draws heavily from stories and symbolism of Shiva, Vishnu and Buddha in addition to the references to Norse mythology.” Todo ocidental ultimado é um plagiário do Oriente.

The Black Sun was used by the Nazis to represent divine salvation, an alternative for the swastika, carrying occult and Satanist connotations. (Goodrick-Clarke 2003). This collection includes the song World of Shit which references Nietzsche’s Thus Spake Zarathustra and concludes with the lines ‘The World has never sunk so low / Rome sank to whoredom and became a stew / The Caesars became beasts / And God a Jew’ (Vinland Winds 2004).”

This manifests as a misunderstanding of many aspects of Nietzsche’s philosophy and Spear of Longinus’ references to Nietzschean ideas should be understood within this context.”

The second case study is focused on the work of Deströyer 666. (…) While not as overt

with their fascist leanings as Spear of Longinus, several racist, nationalist, and sexist sentiments pervade both their textual and paratextual content. Notably, front man K.K. Warslut has faced several controversies for his conduct and comments at Deströyer 666 live performances. A performance in Denmark in 2016 prompted a public feud with magazine Metalsucks and their tour of Australia and New Zealand in 2019 was cancelled when their tour dates were protested. Protests arose following several magazines drawing links between the ideology professed by Deströyer 666 and that of the Christchurch Mosque Shooter (Hohen 2019; Mckenzie-King 2019)(*). In contrast to Spear of Longinus, Warslut consistently and vehemently denies that he holds or professes any views that could be considered racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise problematic, often immediately after detailing these views during an interview (Kristiansen 2015; Göransson 2016).

(*) The Christchurch Mosque Shooter (Brenton Tarrant), a 28-year-old Australian with no

previous criminal history who was active on extreme-right internet forums, entered the Al

Noor mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand, where he allegedly shot dead 50 people and

injured 48 (Besley and Peters, 2020; Macklin, 2019).”

It depicts a large white wolf baring its teeth and standing over the corpse of a smaller brown wolf, which has troubling implications in the context of how wolves are used by the band. Wolves are a common theme in the artwork and lyrics of Deströyer 666. Warslut has stated in an interview that the wolf on this cover represents ‘the spirit of the white man’ (Alternative Underground 2014; ‘@ndy’, 2016; Hohen 2019). In between the researching and final writing of this paper, the online copy of this interview was deleted from YouTube and is no longer available to be viewed. Several sources that linked to this interview (Alternative Underground, 2014; ‘@ndy’, 2016; Hohen, 2019) mention the specific comment about ‘the spirit of the white man’ and the authors can confirm that they have heard this interview and attest that this comment was made by Warslut. The original source appears to be the 2014 blog post on Alternative Underground, which also provides a transcript of some additional comments made by Warslut and records the blog writer’s interpretations of the interviewer’s reactions to Warslut’s statements.”

While Christian churches were certainly involved in the invasion and colonisation of Australia, it was not white people that they were targeting as organized religion was brought to Australia by British colonial forces. Indeed, many Christian organizations directly aimed to subjugate Indigenous Australians and participated in the systematic eradication of their culture and spirituality through forced assimilation on church missions (see Moses 2000).”

The first defence often made by extreme metal bands with problematic politics is to designate themselves as being apolitical, regardless of statements that they have made which are deliberately political. Ideas of reflexive, unreflexive, and anti-reflexive practices are integral to understanding how these designations operate in metal scenes.”

For example, the Facebook page of Spear of Longinus contains the disclaimer that ‘Spear Of Longinus is not politically or racially motivated’ (Spear of Longinus 2020). In effect, Spear of Longinus are attempting to construe themselves as somehow being apolitical while explicitly, deliberately, and intentionally advocating fascist views in their music. We interpret this statement to act as a token disclaimer to provide the band with deniability should they be accused of violating the Terms of Service of a platform like Facebook.”

The second manifestation of reflexive anti-reflexivity within Spear of Longinus’ body of work suggests that the elements of Gnostic Nazism are satirical or otherwise non-serious. This includes not taking themselves too seriously, an idea seemingly supported by song titles like ‘YHWH Penis Abominator’ from …And The Swastikalotus.”

One example is seen in how Warslut responds to criticism of the cover of Deströyer 666’s EP Of Wolves Women And War (Satans Metal Records 2002), which features a werewolf sodomizing a naked woman who closely resembles Australian singer Kylie Minogue. There is a range of problematic elements present on this cover, although we will focus on two. One is the issue of consent, as we doubt Kylie Minogue endorsed her likeness being used in the context of this album cover, as no mention is made of it in the liner notes and the cover puts her into an explicitly sexualized position; given these dubious issues of consent, we have elected not to include an image of this cover in this paper but instead describe the image sufficiently to explain our point. Secondly, given the previous context in which wolves have been used by Deströyer 666 to represent ‘the spirit of the white man’, this cover appears to be communicating that the white man as a wolf exists to sexually dominate women. Warslut defends this cover by arguing that such an act of ‘lycanthropic buggery’ would not be endorsed by Adolf Hitler (Göransson 2016). Warslut argues that such ‘degeneracy’ (itself a dog whistle used by fascist groups) would not be approved by the Nazis, therefore he and his band cannot be expressing Nazi sentiments at all in their work (Göransson 2016).”

There is recorded footage of Warslut [olha o nome do panaca] in 2012 at Deathkult Open Air Festival yelling to the crowd:

This one is for all the Muslim immigrants who are invading – who are invited to invade our fucking continent: fuck you Allah! Yeah, everyone’s busy being anti-Christian. Fuck being anti-Christian, let’s be fucking anti-Muslim for once! This is our fucking land! (Warslut, in GronSS 2012)”

the arguments deployed by these bands to excuse their extreme ideologies are so thin that they collapse with only the smallest interrogation, and are clearly only being accepted by fans so that they are not required to surrender music that they otherwise enjoy.”

more than a genre of music, [black metal] is a complete form of artistic and aesthetic expression, requiring musicians and artists to be inseparable from their creations.” Discordo.

In this case, the categorisation of NSBM as a separate scene and subgenre relative to normal black metal scenes suggests that the most problematic and overtly fascist bands are understood to some degree as ‘not us’ by non-NSBM black metal bands and fans”

(*) “The celebration of Australia Day on January 26th has long been controversial, though there has been increasing public awareness and discussion of the date in recent years (Morgan, 2019). January 26th commemorates the official declaration of British sovereignty in Australia in 1788 (though it is commonly and incorrectly thought to mark the arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney Cove) and has been Federally recognized as a public holiday in Australian since 1994. For Indigenous Australians, in particular, this date represents a commemoration of British invasion, and is sometimes referred to as Invasion Day, with formal protests conducted on that date since 1988 (Morgan, 2019).”

They also specifically align themselves against ‘leftist sooks’, who they construct as being the only people who care about Indigenous Australian culture (here reductively described as ‘painting dots in the dreamtime’).”

A different response is possible. An international Red and Anarchist Black Metal (hereafter RABM) movement is steadily growing, following coverage of some of the more prominent bands gaining news attention, including a congregation of like-minded black metal musicians in dedicated RABM forums (Kelly 2018). Many of these bands are explicitly critical of the current international black metal scene, with bands such as Gaylord and Neckbeard Deathcamp releasing albums respectively titled The Black Metal Scene Needs to Be Destroyed (2018) and White Nationalism is for Basement-Dwelling Losers (2018). Other bands who operate within more mainstream or conventionally underground extreme metal scenes such as Iskra, Panopticon, and Dawn Ray’d are also associated with the movement (Kelly 2018).”

WIKI: “O RABM surgiu como uma resposta ao black metal nacional-socialista, pelo grupo argentino Profecium em 1993 (que era anarquista na época) e massificado pelo grupo canadense Iskra em meados de 2000. Nasceu das mãos de bandas radicadas no crust punk.” “O som das bandas RABM aparentemente também difere do Black metal comum, em muitos casos as bandas misturam o som do crust punk (principalmente anarquista) ou ambient black metal com elementos do post-rock (Panopticon, Wheels Within Wheels, All the Cold, Skagos, Adamennon), também há bandas que incorporam elementos do pagan metal e viking metal (Sorgsvart, Lake of Blood, Borgazur) e outras que incorporam elementos do shoegaze (Violet Cold) e do death metal (Hereticae, Vociferatus).”

Mais bandas do RABM:

BR

Pessimista

Vazio (DV)

A Plague

Caos Onipresente

Ioroque

Vermgod

Heteriah

Desista

Imminent Doom

Bleak Wind

Atéia

Gomorraa

Carniçal

EUA

Feminazgul

UCR

Trespasser

ESC

Order of The Wolf

PAÍS BASCO

Etxegiña

While it is unlikely that far-right politics and NSBM will ever be completely removed from extreme metal, these are important steps in ensuring that fascist ideology within the scene is recognized and dealt with accordingly while developing a sense of social control and self-regulation within the scene.”